![]() The conclusions provide a comparative analysis of the principal approaches of Imperial and Soviet authorities in assessing these interrelationships. ![]() To analyze the potential and actual effectiveness of these exchanges, a table is provided that depicts the informal networking between Soviet Muslims, migrant communities, and local believers. Research employing foreign and domestic sources – above all intelligence data from the GPU (OGPU) Eastern Department archive – makes it possible to reconstruct the architecture of links and channels of mutual influence. These contacts involved financial and organizational assistance, as well as exchanges of ideas. The author focuses attention on the formal and informal contacts between representatives of the Turkic and Islamic national and religious elites residing in Petrograd, Moscow, and Kazan, and their co-religionists in Germany and Finland.
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